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During the raid the town of Newport was badly burned and Saint Woolos church destroyed.Ī third charter, establishing the right of the town to run its own market and commerce came from Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham in 1426. "Austin Friars" also remains a street name in the city.ĭuring the Last War for Welsh Independence in 1402 Rhys Gethin, General for Owain Glyndŵr, forcibly took Newport Castle together with those at Cardiff, Llandaff, Abergavenny, Caerphilly, Caerleon and Usk. After its closure the hospital lived on in the place name " Spitty Fields" (a corruption of ysbyty, the Welsh for hospital). In the 14th century friars came to Newport where they built an isolation hospital for infectious diseases. Newport Castle, on the west bank of the River UskĪround the settlement, the new town grew to become Newport, obtaining its first charter in 1314 and was granted a second one, by Hugh Stafford, 2nd Earl of Stafford in 1385. Norman invasion and early modern Newport It was buried in rubble excavated from the Hillfield railway tunnels that were dug under Stow Hill in the 1840s and no part of it is currently visible. The original Newport Castle was a small motte-and-bailey castle in the park opposite Newport Cathedral. The Normans arrived from around 1088–1093 to build the first Newport Castle and river crossing downstream from Caerleon and the first Norman Lord of Newport was Robert Fitzhamon. The church suffered a similar fate in 1063, when Harold Godwinson attacked south Wales. In 1049/50, a fleet of Orkney Vikings, under Welsh king Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, sailed up the Usk and sacked St Gwynllyw's church. The church was certainly in existence by the 9th century and today has become the seat of the Bishop of Monmouth. According to legend, in the late 5th century Saint Gwynllyw (Woolos), the patron saint of Newport and King of Gwynllwg founded the church which would become Newport Cathedral. In AD 75, on the very edge of their empire, the Roman legions built a Roman fort at Caerleon to defend the river crossing.

History īronze Age fishermen settled around the fertile estuary of the River Usk and later the Celtic Silures built hillforts overlooking it. One theory suggests that Newport gained favour with medieval maritime traders on the Usk, as it differentiated the "New port" from the " Old Roman port" at Caerleon. Newport-on-Usk is found on some early maps, and the name was in popular usage well before the development of Newport Docks. The origin of the name Newport and the reason for its wide adoption remains the subject of debate. This Latin name refers to the new borough (or town) established with the Norman castle.

The settlement was first recorded by the Normans as novo burgus in 1126. The English name 'Newport' is a later application. "New castle" suggests a pre-existing fortification in the vicinity and is most likely either to reference the ancient fort on Stow Hill, or a fort that occupied the site of the present castle. The Welsh name is recorded in the Brut y Tywysogion when it was visited by Henry II of England sometime around 1172. This is a contraction of the name Castell Newydd ar Wysg, which translates as "new castle on the Usk". The original Welsh name for the city was Casnewydd-ar-Wysg (pronounced ).

2.2 Norman invasion and early modern Newport.

Newport Cathedral is the cathedral of the Diocese of Monmouth. Its villages are of considerable archaeological importance. It contains extensive rural areas surrounding the built-up core. Newport hosted the Ryder Cup in 2010 and was the venue for the 2014 NATO summit. Latterly its economy is bolstered as part of the M4 corridor high-technology cluster. In the 20th century, the docks declined in importance, but Newport remained an important centre for manufacturing and engineering. Newport was the largest coal exporter in Wales until the rise of Cardiff in the mid-1800s. It grew significantly in the 19th century when its port became the focus of coal exports from the eastern South Wales Valleys. Newport gained its first charter in 1314. The town outgrew the earlier Roman town of Caerleon, immediately upstream and now part of the borough. Newport has been a port since medieval times when the first Newport Castle was built by the Normans. Newport was the site of the last large-scale armed insurrection in Great Britain, the Newport Rising of 1839. Newport became a unitary authority in 1996 and forms part of the Cardiff-Newport metropolitan area. With a population of 145,700 at the 2011 census, Newport is the third-largest authority with city status in Wales, and seventh most populous overall. Newport ( Welsh: Casnewydd ) is a city and county borough in Wales, situated on the River Usk close to its confluence with the Severn Estuary, 12 miles (19 kilometres) northeast of Cardiff.